"Understanding ADHD: What You Need to Know"

What is ADHD?

ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually diagnosed in children and could even last into adulthood. In some cases, genetics could contribute to the condition. Few non-genetic factors which are linked to ADHD are low birth weight, premature birth and excessive stress while pregnant. This condition leads to paying less attention or being overly active. Certain areas of the brain may be smaller in people with ADHD compared to other parts.

Types of ADHD:

• Inattentive type - Often fails to give attention, do not listen to what is being said, like in the classrooms or conversations, difficulty in organizing tasks and activities, forgetting everyday chores etc..

• Hyperactive type - Not able to stay still, excessive talking, difficulty waiting for long time

• Combined type - This type of ADHD is diagnosed when both inattentive and hyperactive types are met.

Symptoms in children:

• Duration of paying attention is very less

• Making frequent mistakes

• Unable to pay attention to works which are time taking

• Not able to sit quiet in environments which are silent

• Excessive talking

• Interrupting in between talks

Symptoms in adults:

• Poor organizational skills

• Restlessness

• Short temper and mood swings

• Extremely impatient

• Do not think about dangers

Diagnosis:

If parents are concerned about their children regarding ADHD, first step is to talk to their health care provider and find out the symptoms. There is no particular test to be conducted for this but it involves a medical exam including vision and hearing tests to rule out other conditions which have symptoms similar to ADHD.

Treatment:

ADHD can be treated by medication or behavior therapy but the combination of these two gives the best results. According to the guidelines, psychostimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) are the first-line treatments for the management of ADHD. The medicines which are licensed for the treatment of ADHD are:

• amphetamine

• methylphenidate hydrochloride

• clonidine

• guanfacine

• viloxazine

• atomoxetine

How to manage symptoms?

In addition to behavior therapy and medication, leading a healthy lifestyle can help in dealing with ADHD symptoms. Maintaining a good lifestyle includes following a balanced diet like incorporating plenty of fruits, vegetables, proteins and whole grains. Everyday physical activity depending on the age, good amount of sleep and limiting the screen time.